Methods of Translation in Source Language Emphasis

Source language (SL) emphasis

Newmark (1988) mentions the difference between translation methods and translation procedures. He writes that, "while translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language"

Newmark (1988) proposed some methods of translation. Those are; word for word, adaptation, literal, free, faithful, idiomatic, semantic, and communicative translation. We considered that the topic explained about methods that emphasize in Source Language (SL). It consists of word by word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, and semantic translation and other methods include to the Target Language (TL) method.

1.      Word by word translation

This translation method  tends to put the target language words below the source language words without considering the structure of target language. In the matter of word for word translation, newmark states :

“ This is often demonstate as interlinear translation, with the TL imeditely below the SL words. The SL word – order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context. cultural word are translated literary.

Example :

1.      Hotel is place where has some facilities and we able to stay there

Hotel adalah tempat di mana memiliki beberapa fasilitas dan kami bisa untuk tinggal di sana

2.      Packages are usually does because some moment that important

Paket biasanya tidak karena beberapa saat itu penting.

2.      Literal Translation

In literal translation, the translator tries to transfer the source language grammatical   constructions to the nearest TL equivalents. However the ST is still translated into TT literally. Therefore, the message sometimes experiences untransfered.

Literal translation, just as word for word translation, is a method of translation in which the text in SL is translated into TL one by one, out of the context, but the grammatical constructions in SL are converted into their nearest equivalents in TL (Newmark, 1988:46).

Example:

1.      At weekends,  I sometimes go to a disco or to the cinema.

Pada akhir pekan saya kadang-kadang pergi ke disko atau ke bioskop.

2.      Playing football is fun.

Bermain sepak bola adalah menyenangkan

3.      My mother works as a clerk in an office.

Ibuku bekerja sebagai pegawai di kantor.

3.      Faithful Translation

            Faithful translation is a method of translation which tries to translate the accurate contextual meaning in SL but still within the constraints of the grammatical structures in TL. This method of translation translates cultural words from SL but preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical abnormality in the translation in TL. This method tries to be faithful to the original text an intentions of the SL writer (Newmark, 1988:46).

example :

1.      I want to share this idea for some feedback

Saya ingin berbagi ide ini untuk beberapa umpan balik

2.      I have been bombarded about the theory of corruption enough already

Saya telah dibombardir tentang teori korupsi sudah cukup.

4.      Semantic Translation

            Compared with “faithful translation”, semantic translation is more flexible. In the matter of semantic translation, Newmark states:

“Semantic translation differs from “faithful translation” only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value (that is, the beautiful and natural sound) of the SL text, compromising on “meaning” where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version. Further, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents”.

Semantic translation is objective and neutral, only to translate naturally, is not adding, reduce or repairing. It only changes the meaning and text force of source language to the target language

Example:

example :

1.      In Indonesia, table manner has been applied by certain people such as rich people or upper circle of society.

Di Indonesia, table manner telah diterapkan oleh orang-orang tertentu seperti orang-orang kaya atau lingkaran atas masyarakat

2.      Eating together is considered to build togetherness and harmony.

Makan bersama dianggap untuk membangun kebersamaan dan harmoni.

3.      There are some bad habits often found in the dining table such as cleaning leftovers from a meal in the teeth or gargle in front of other people.

Ada beberapa kebiasaan buruk sering ditemukan di meja makan seperti membersihkan sisa-sisa makanan di gigi atau kumur di depan orang lain.

4.      For some people it is okay, but we don’t know that it will disturb them.

Bagi sebagian orang tidak apa-apa, tapi kita tidak tahu bahwa hal itu akan mengganggu mereka.